Everything about car – history and therm
July 6, 2008 by Automotive
Filed under Automotive reviews
A car (often abbreviated as car), car or car is a vehicle for self-propulsion for the transportation of persons, animals and objects, usually with four wheels and capacity between one and nine seats. The front wheels can change their orientation to enable the sides to take turns and curves.
The word “car” comes from the Greek auto ( “itself”) and the Latin Mobile ( “moves”). The word “car” comes from the Hungarian word kocsi.
Contents
Method of propulsion
The cars are usually propel through an internal combustion engine powered by fuel that can be gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas or diesel fuel that is mixed with an oxidizer, usually oxygen from the air to form the fluid. The fluid makes thermodynamic processes move through the organs of heat engine.
Some countries use biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel, which are produced from plants like corn, soybeans or sugar cane. These alternatives are criticized for his direct competition with land for growing food, and lack of energy feasibility studies.
Recently there has begun to produce in series with electric motor cars. While the autonomy of these vehicles is still limited due to recharge the batteries in the near future the problem could be overcome. The level of contamination depends on how they are used to generate electricity.
It also has begun the marketing of hybrid cars, which have an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, the latter works when the car moving at low speeds, in some models with the other engine shut down. The batteries are recharged with the energy released to stop the car.
Another source of energy for the car is hydrogen. The combustion of hydrogen with oxygen leaves as the only waste water vapor. There are two methods to harness hydrogen, an internal combustion engine or fuel cells, a technology currently face and in the process of development. Hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water.
There are also experimental engines operating propelled by compressed air or by solar energy.
Chronology of car
Main article: History of the car
The car, as we know at present, was invented in Germany in 1886 by Karl Benz. Shortly after other pioneers such as Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in turn presented their models. The first long trip in a car was made Bertha Benz in 1888, to go from Mannheim to Pforzheim, towns separated by about 105 km. Significantly, was a milestone in the old car, given that a car of this era was as maximum speed about 20 mph, far more spent fuel from what now spends a vehicle at the same speed and gasoline were purchased at pharmacies , Which was not available in large quantities.
In 1910, Henry Ford began producing cars in an assembly line, completely innovative system that enabled him to achieve manufacturing figures hitherto unthinkable.
Classification car
Main article: Classification car
Depending on the seating capacity and intended use, there are different types of cars.
A passenger car is intended for private transport of people, a car load is designed to transport goods, and a car racing is used in motor sport competitions.
The three most common types are passenger car, truck and sports car. Pick several kinds embraces more precise: automotive SUV, minivan, pickup and van. The other two include various bodies, but not essentially different types of cars. Another type of car is the military, commonly used in wars, these can be moved in places where a car could make it not common.
Manufacturers and brands
Car
For carmakers means companies that design, develop, manufacture and test cars under its own identity, whether independent companies or integrated into a larger group. The following list includes the current car manufacturers. Manufacturers are already missing from the list of brands of cars below.
Marks car
For car manufacturers means all those companies who are or who have been in the past the identity of a manufacturer or a division or line of car models.
Technical data of a car that contained in commercial catalogues
Volvo 460
Volvo 460
The merchants who sell new cars make it easy for buyers who are interested in its commercial vehicles catalogues containing details of each model as the following: [1]
Engine:
* Engine type:
or internal combustion engine
Electric motor or arrangement of the engine
or rotary engine (in the Mazda RX-7 and Mazda RX-8)
* Total cylinder, cylinder diameter of a race for number of cylinders.
* Compression ratio
* Maximum power. In kW and CV, including engine speed (rpm) to which this is achieved such power.
* Maximum torque. In Nm, indicating the engine speed is reached when that pair.
* Type of fuel system, indicating whether it is carburation or injection directly or indirectly.
* Type air supply system: turbocharged or atmospheric.
* Fuel used
* Alternators
* Capacity battery. Usually indicated in Amperes hour (Ah)
* Ability tank (l)
Benefits
* Top speed (mph)
* Weather acceleration from 0 to 100 kph (s)
* Time acceleration between two speeds in a concrete way (s)
* Time acceleration to travel 1000 m since he begins to move (s)
Consumption in urban cycle, extra urban cycle, weighted. Often shown on l/100km in Europe and miles per gallon (mpg) in americas.
CO2 emissions in urban cycle, cycle and extra-weighted. It is expressed in g / km.
Transmission: type of gearbox, number of speeds, reduction relations, speed of movement to a particular engine speed in every way.
Brakes: type (disc brake, brake drum), dimensions
Wheels: dimensions of tires and tires
Others: type Suspension front and back, kind of steering, radio drawing minimal.
Bodywork
* Type bodywork
* Gauge: length, width and height
* Battle (wheelbase) and front and rear tracks
* Boot capacity
Masses: Tare, maximum permissible weight, maximum weight towable (with brake and unchecked in the trailer).
The future of the automobile
The future of the automobile lies in reducing pollution caused by the propulsion system, one of the biggest problems in today’s world.
We are exploring new ways to move faster or better roads for the move. The old vision of the flying car is wasted at present, since the energy needed to sustain them in the air would be much higher.
Another possible future of the automobile is its replacement by public transport more energy efficient. This can happen because of the scarcity of oil and its consequent price increase.
Renovation
Because the most modern cars are safer and cleaner, many countries offer tax incentives for drivers to discard their old models and buy other newer.
For example, in Spain there is a program that encourages Provide modernization of fleet cars, to increase automotive safety and protection of the environment. It applies to new passenger cars of engine capacity below 1.5 liters.
